Large-scale aerial bombing of Germany escalated in 1944, and the Nazis retreated from Eastern and Southern Europe. Jews and others deemed undesirable were imprisoned in Nazi concentration camps and extermination camps.įollowing the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, the tide turned against the Nazis, who suffered major military defeats in 1943. Reichskommissariats took control of conquered areas, and a German administration was established in what was left of Poland. In alliance with Italy and smaller Axis powers, Germany conquered most of Europe by 1940 and threatened Great Britain. Hitler made a pact with Joseph Stalin and invaded Poland in September 1939, launching World War II in Europe. It seized Austria and Czechoslovakia in 19. Beginning in the late 1930s, Nazi Germany made increasingly aggressive territorial demands, threatening war if they were not met.
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